1969-1970: Tribhovandas Damodardas Kansara
1970-1975: J N Saxena
1975-1977: C P Sah
1977-1980: H C Sarkar
1981-1984: N Vaghul
1984-1986: T. Tiwari
1987-1991: R. Srinivasan
1992-1995: G. S. Dahotre
1995-1997: G. Kathuria
1997-1998: M G Bhire
1998-2000: S Rajagopal
2000-2003: K V Krishanamurthy
2003-2005: M Venugopal
2005-2007 : M. Balachandran
2007- :T.S.Narayanasami

At least three banks having the name Bank of India had preceded the setting up of the present Bank of India.
A person named Ramakishen Dutt set up the first Bank of India in Calcutta (now Kolkata) in 1828, but nothing more is known about this bank.
The second Bank of India was incorporated in London in the year 1836 as an Anglo-Indian bank.
The third bank named Bank of India was registered in Bombay(now Mumbai) in the year 1864.
[edit] The current bank
The earlier holders of the Bank of India name had failed and were no longer in existence by the time a diverse group of Hindus, Muslims, Parsis, and Jews helped establish the present Bank of India in 1906. It was the first bank in India promoted by Indian interests to serve all the communities of India. At the time, banks in India were either owned by Europeans and served mainly the interests of the European merchant houses, or by different communities and served the banking needs of their own community.
The promoters incorporated the Bank of India on 7 September 1906 under Act VI of 1882 with an authorized capital of Rs. 1 crore divided into 100,000 shares each of Rs. 100. The promoters placed 55,000 shares privately, and issued 45,000 to the public by way of IPO on 3 October 1906; the bank commenced operations on 1 November 1906.
The lead promoter of the Bank of India was Sir Sassoon J. David (1849-1926). He was a member of the community of Baghdadi Jews, which was notable for its history of social service and included the Sassoons. He was a prudent banker, and remained the Chief Executive of the bank from its founding in 1906 until his death in 1926.
The first board of directors of the bank consisted of Sir Sassoon David, Sir Cowasjee Jehangir, J. Cowasjee Jehangir, Sir Frederick Leigh Croft, Ratanjee Dadabhoy Tata, Gordhandas Khattau, Lalubhai Samaldas, Khetsety Khiasey, Ramnarain Hurnundrai, Jenarrayen Hindoomull Dani, Noordin Ebrahim Noordin.
1906: Founded with Head Office in Mumbai.
1921: BoI entered into an agreement with the Bombay Stock Exchange to manage its clearing house.
1946: BoI opened a branch in London, the first Indian bank to do so. This was also the first post-WWII overseas branch of any Indian bank.
1950: BoI opened branches in Tokyo and Osaka.
1951: BoI opened a branch in Singapore.
1953: BoI opened a branch in Kenya and another in Uganda.
1953 or 54: BoI opened a branch in Aden.
1955: BoI opened a branch in Tanganyika.
1960: BoI opened a branch in Hong Kong.
1962: BoI opened a branch in Nigeria.
1967: The Government of Tanzania nationalized BoI's operations in Tanzania and folded them into the government-owned National Commercial Bank, together with those of Bank of Baroda and several other foreign banks.
1969: The Government of India nationalized the 14 top banks, including Bank of India. In the same year, the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen nationalized BoI's branch in Aden, and the Nigerian and Ugandan governments forced BoI to incorporate its branches in those countries.
1970: National Bank of Southern Yemen incorporated BoI's branch in Yemen, together with those of all the other banks in the country; this is now National Bank of Yemen. BoI was the only Indian bank in the country.
1972: BoI sold its Uganda operation to Bank of Baroda.
1973: BoI opened a rep in Jakarta.
1974: BoI opened a branch in Paris. This was the first branch of an Indian bank in Europe.
1976: The Nigerian government acquired 60% of the shares in Bank of India (Nigeria).
1978: BoI opened a branch in New York.
1970s: BoI opened an agency in San Francisco.
1980: Bank of India (Nigeria) Ltd, changed its name to Allied Bank of Nigeria.
1986: BoI acquired Paravur Central Bank (Karur Central Bank or Parur Central Bank) in Kerala in a rescue.
1987: BoI took over the three UK branches of Central Bank of India (CBI). CBI had been caught up in the Sethia fraud and default and the Reserve Bank of India required it to transfer its branches.
2003: BoI opened a representative office in Shenzhen.
2005: BoI opened a representative office in Vietnam.
2006: BoI plans to upgrade the Shenzen and Vietnam representative offices to branches, and to open representative offices in Beijing, Doha, and Johannesburg. In addition, BoI plans to establish a branch in Antwerp and a subsidiary in Dar-es-Salaam, marking its return to Tanzania after 37 years.
2007: BoI acquired 76 percent of Indonesia-based PT Bank Swadesi.

1920 Talaat Pasha Harb founded the bank in 1920. He had published books in 1907 and 1911 calling for the founding of a national bank with Egyptian financing. (The National Bank of Egypt was British-owned, and all the other banks in Egypt were owned by foreigners.) Harb modeled Bank Misr’s operations on those of Deutsche Orientbank with which he was familiar due to his friendship with the owner of a Sephardi Jewish bank, Banque Suarès. Harb established Banque Misr and its companies on the basis of certain concepts: all its dealings were in Arabic, Egyptians operated the bank, and the bank restricted share ownership to Egyptian citizens. Misr’s Board of Directors included a number of Sephardic Jews and a Coptic Christian.
1926 Bank Misr established Banque Misr-La France to serve Egyptian tourists to France.
1930 Bank Misr and Banque Essadine, in Lebanon, formed Banque Misr-Syrie-Liban, which then absorbed Banque Ezzeddine & Adib (Izz al-Din) in Tripoli.
1939 Banque Misr failed but was reorganized.
1960 Gamal Nasser nationalised all banks in Egypt, foreign and domestic, including the four largest domestic banks — National Bank of Egypt, Banque Misr, Bank of Alexandria and Banque du Caire.
1961 Syria nationalized all banks operating in the country, including those of Banque Misr.
1963 In Libya, Banque Misr created Nahda Arabian Bank to hold its branches there.
1971 Banque Misr absorbed Banque de Port-Said. Banque de Port-Said had been created in 1960 to hold the Egyptian operations of several foreign bank, including Ionian Bank, Ottoman Bank, Banque Belge et Internationale en Egypte and Bank of Tokyo.
1975 Liberalization of foreign entry led several Egyptian banks to establish joint venture banks with foreign banks.
1976 Banque Misr established Misr International Bank (MIBank) with Banque Misr owning 44%, First Chicago 20%, Europartners 10.5%, UBAF Bank 8.5%, Banco di Roma 7.375%, and Mitsui Bank 2.625%.
Misr established Misr American International Bank (MAIB) with Bank of America.
Misr established Misr Exterior Bank in a joint venture with Banco Exterior de Espana.
1977 Bank MISR established Misr Romanian Bank, together with a number of Romanian banks. Misr initially owned 51%, with Banca Romana de Comert Exterior owning 19%, and other Romanian banks such as Banca Agricola and Banca Comerciala Romana owning the rest.
1988 Banque de Caire took a 17% in MIBank, and Misr took over First Chicago's 20% stake.
1995 Banque Misr joined with Bank of Alexandria, National Bank of Egypt, Banque du Caire and Kato Aromatics to found Cairo International Bank in Uganda.
1996 MIBank sold 10% of its shares to the Egyptian public in an initial public offering. The remaining shareholders were Misr with some 55%, Banca di Roma International (10%), British Arab Commercial Bank (8.5%), Commerzbank and Banco Central Hispano Americano (jointly 7.875%) and Sakura Bank (2.625%).
2004 Banque Misr merged in Misr Exterior Bank.
2005 National Société Générale Bank (NSGB), a joint venture between National Bank of Egypt and France's Société Générale, acquired a majority stake in Misr International Bank (MIBank), making NSGB Egypt’s biggest private sector bank. Arab African International Bank (AAIB) acquired Misr America International Bank (MAIB). Lebanon’s Blom Bank increased its stake in Romanian-Egyptian joint venture Misr Romania Bank to 97% by purchasing an 84% stake.

The UK Government owns a controlling stake of 70% of the Royal Bank of Scotland Group (RBS)'s ordinary shares, however the bank itself remains nominally independent of Government[11]
†† The UK Government owns a controlling stake of 43% of the Lloyds Banking Group, with the bank remaining in the private sector.
There are however a small number of independent specialist or local banks. They are all just a small fraction of the size of the smallest of the banks in the table above: Airdrie Savings Bank, Arbuthnot Latham, C. Hoare & Co, CAFBank (a bank for charities provided by Charities Aid Foundation), Charity Bank (a bank which is also a charity and supports other charities), Close Brothers Group, Duncan Lawrie Bank, Julian Hodge Bank, N M Rothschild & Sons, Raphaels Bank, Ruffler Bank, Unity Trust Bank (a bank supporting social enterprise). There is also a government-run savings bank called National Savings and Investments.

Wild Solutions: How Biodiversity is Money in the Bank is a 2001 book by biologists Andrew Beattie and Paul R. Ehrlich. A second edition came out in 2004. The authors explain the value of "wild solutions" to technical and medical problems that may reside in the diversity of the Earth's estimated 5 to 10 million species. Beattie and Ehrlich describe the role of natural substances in medicine, pest control, and manufacturing.[1][2][3] The book won a National Outdoor Book Award in 2001.[4]

Port Hacking is an Australian estuary, located about 26 km south of Sydney, New South Wales[1] and fed by the Hacking River and several smaller creeks, including Bundeena Creek and The Basin. It is a ria, a river basin which has become submerged by the sea.
The local aboriginal people call the estuary Deeban. Matthew Flinders and George Bass (with Bass's servant William Martin) explored there in early April 1796. They called it Port Hacking after the pilot Henry Hacking who was the principal game hunter in the colony and who first told them of a large river he had seen inland on kangaroo hunting expeditions.[2][3]
Port Hacking effectively forms the southern boundary of Sydney's suburban sprawl. Working inland from the sea, the indented north bank of Port Hacking is formed by the suburbs of Cronulla, Woolooware, Burraneer, Caringbah, Dolans Bay, Port Hacking, Lilli Pilli, Yowie Bay, Miranda, Gymea Bay and Grays Point. The southern bank is largely undeveloped land within the Royal National Park, although the small communities of Bundeena and Maianbar are found there. Warumbul and Gundamaian are other localities on the southern bank, in the Royal National Park. Cronulla and National Park Ferry Cruises operates a regular passenger ferry service that crosses Port Hacking, connecting Cronulla and its railway station to Bundeena. They also operate cruises along Port Hacking that depart from Cronulla.
Port Hacking is a drowned river valley, with a water surface area of 11 sq-km. With very little industrial and no agricultural inputs, the water quality is categorised as 'extremely good', and the extensive inter-tidal shoals provide opportunity for wading birds.[4]
Port Hacking is a popular recreational area, where many activities can be enjoyed such as swimming, fishing and boating. The estuary and bays are used for watersports such as wakeboarding and water skiing and Scuba driving.

Under the State Bank of Pakistan Order 1948, the state bank of Pakistan was charged with the duty to "regulate the issue of bank notes and keeping of reserves with a view to securing monetary stability in Pakistan and generally to operate the currency and credit system of the country to its advantage".
A large section of the state bank's duties were widened when the State Bank of Pakistan Act 1956 was introduced. It required the state bank to "regulate the monetary and credit system of Pakistan and to foster its growth in the best national interest with a view to securing monetary stability and fuller utilisation of the country’s productive resources". In February 1994, the State Bank was given full autonomy, during the financial sector reforms.
On January 21, 1997, this autonomy was further strengthened when the government issued three Amendment Ordinances (which were approved by the Parliament in May 1997). Those included were the State Bank of Pakistan Act, 1956, Banking Companies Ordinance, 1962 and Banks Nationalisation Act, 1974. These changes gave full and exclusive authority to the State Bank to regulate the banking sector, to conduct an independent monetary policy and to set limit on government borrowings from the State Bank of Pakistan. The amendments to the Banks Nationalisation Act brought the end of the Pakistan Banking Council (an institution established to look after the affairs of NCBs) and allowed the jobs of the council to be appointed to the Chief Executives, Boards of the Nationalised Commercial Banks (NCBs) and Development Finance Institutions (DFIs). The State Bank having a role in their appointment and removal. The amendments also increased the autonomy and accountability of the chief executives, the Boards of Directors of banks and DFIs.
The State Bank of Pakistan also performs both the traditional and developmental functions to achieve macroeconomic goals. The traditional functions, may be classified into two groups:

The Bank of Italy was founded in San Francisco, California, USA, in 1904 by Amadeo Giannini. It grew by a branch banking strategy to become the Bank of America, the world's largest commercial bank with 493 branches in California and assets of $5 billion in 1945.[1]
The bank was established to serve working class citizens of the area, especially Italians living in San Francisco’s North Beach neighborhood. The bank survived the San Francisco earthquake and fire of 1906 and was one of the first to offer loans to businesses to help rebuild the city.
The Bank of Italy Building, which later became a National Historic Landmark, was opened in 1908. Giannini had his office space in an open area on the first floor.[1] In 1909 the bank began opening branches in other cities and had 24 branches by 1918,[2] at which time it was the first state-wide branch banking system.
The Bank of Italy merged with the smaller Bank of America (of Los Angeles) in the 1920's[1] under the name of the smaller bank. As Chairman of the new, larger Bank of America, Giannini expanded the bank throughout his tenure, which ended with his death in 1949.
Amadeo Giannini and the "Bank of Italy" were also the basis for the classic 1932 Frank Capra movie American Madness which was an original screenplay titled Faith by Robert Riskin.

Hacking Tricks Toward Security on Network

EnviMounting popularity of the Internet has led to the birth of instant messaging, an up-and-coming form of Internet communication. Instant messaging is very popular with businesses and individuals since it has instant communication ability. As a result, Internet security has become a pressing and important topic for discussion. Therefore, in recent years, a lot of attention has been drawn towards Internet security and the various attacks carried out by hackers over the Internet. People today often handle affairs via the Internet. For instance, instead of the conventional letter, they communicate with others by e-mails; they chat with friends through an instant messenger; find information by browsing Websites instead of going to the library; perform e-commerce transactions through the Internet, etc. Although the convenience of the Internet makes our life easier, it is also a threat to Internet security. For instance, a business email intercepted during its transmission may let slip business confidentiality; file transfers via instant messengers may also be intercepted, and then implanted with backdoor malwares; conversations via instant messengers could be eavesdropped. Furthermore, ID and password theft may lose us money when using Internet bank service. Attackers on the Internet use hacking tricks to damage systems while users are connected to the Internet. These threats along with possible careless disclosure of business information make instant messaging a very unsafe method of communication for businesses. The paper divides hacking tricks into three categories: (1) Trojan programs that share files via instant messenger; (2) phishing or fraud via e-mails; and (3) fake Websitesronments,barkat majeed panhwar